1 字符串 String
1.1 定义
str = "sean"
1.2 独有功能
str_u = str.upper()
str_l = str.lower()
str_isdecimal = str.isdecimal()
str.replace(old, new, count)
str_ls = str.lstrip()
str_rs = str.rstrip()
str_s = str.strip()
str = '1234.mp4'
list = str.split('.')
print(list)
str1 = "我"
str2 = "谁"
text = "{0}是{1}".format(str1, str2)
print(text)
str_list = ["我", "是", "谁"]
text = ''.join(str_list)
print(text)
str = "我是谁"
str_encode = str.encode("utf-8")
print(str_encode)
str_decode = str_encode.decode("utf-8")
print(str_decode)
str = "我是谁"
text = str.center(13, '*')
print(text)
text = str.ljust(13, '*')
print(text)
text = str.rjust(13, '*')
print(text)
2 列表 List
2.1 定义
有序,可变的容器,元素可以是多种不同的数据类型
data_list = [11, 22, "我是谁", True]
2.2 独有功能
data_list = ["张", "王", "李"]
data_list.append("赵")
print(data_list)
data_list.insert(1, "刘")
print(data_list)
if "李" in data_list:
data_list.remove("李")
print(data_list)
import random
data= random.choice(data_list)
print(data)
data_list = ['张', '刘', '王', '李', '赵']
data_list.pop()
print(data_list)
data = data_list.pop(1)
print(data_list)
print(data)
data_list = [1, 4, 3, 65, 23]
data_list.sort()
print(data_list)
data_list.sort(reverse=True)
print(data_list)
3 元组 Tuple
有序,不可变的容器,元素可以是多种不同的数据类型
4 字典 Dict
字典是一个无序,键不重复且元素只能是键值对的可变容器。
字典和数组不可hash
info = {
"name": "liu",
"gender": "male"
}
info.keys()
info.values()
for item in info.items():
print item
for key, value in info.items():
print(key, value)
5 集合 Set
集合是一个无序,可变,元素必须可哈希,且元素不重复的容器
5.1 定义
v1 = {11, 22}
v1.add(33)
v1.add(22)
5.2 独有功能
v1 = {11, 22}
v1.add(33)
v1.discard(44)
v1 = {11, 22, 33}
v2 = {22, 33, 44}
res = v1.intersection(v2)
res = v1 & v2
res = v1.union(v2)
res = v1 | v2
s1 = v1.difference(v2)
s1 = v1 - v2
s2 = v2.difference(v1)
s2 = v2 - v1
6 None类型
None表示空值
7 布尔类型 BOOL
很多类型的值都可以转换成布尔值,下面转换成布尔值时为False
0, "", [], {}, (), set() -> False
8 浮点型 Float
浮点型的存储原理导致其不精确,如果要做到精确需要用到decimal
import decimal
v1 = decimal.Decimal("0.1")
v2 = decimal.Decimal("0.2")
v3 = v1 + v2
print(v3)
9 字节类型 Bytes
name = "我是谁"
data = name.encode("utf-8")
print(data)